Здания запорожского Соцгорода, к сожалению, не все дошли до наших дней. Большая часть из тех, которые уже увидеть нельзя – были разрушены во время войны. Кроме того, были и здания, которые предполагалось построить, но до этого дело так и не дошло. А сегодня мы поговорим о доме, который то ли построили, то ли нет. Давайте постараемся вместе разгадать эту загадку.
В эпоху бурных 1920-х годов большевики пытались дать народу новую идеологию. Старую веру в бога, царя и отечество нужно было чем-то заменить. Разумеется, главным из всех искусств считалось кино, но литература тоже должна была играть весомую роль. «Нужные» книги издавались огромными тиражами, но их нужно было где-то читать.
В то время все внимание уделялось борьбе с индивидуализмом. Все должно было быть общественным – квартиры, столовые, кухни. В некоторых домах не было даже индивидуальных кухонь, так как предполагалось, что жильцы будут питаться на централизованном комбинате. Народ воспринимался исключительно как масса, коллектив – а не как индивидуальный гражданин.
Именно в этом духе и было задумано создать Дом книги. Он должен был играть роль настоящего культового сооружения. В нем труженики страны Советов должны были знакомиться с пропагандистской литературой. Возможно, вам приходилось что-то слышать о культурной революции в Китае. Так вот, это выражение было в ходу в Советском Союзе задолго до прихода китайских коммунистов к власти в своей стране. Требовалось как можно скорее изменить сознание граждан СССР. И ничего лучше, чем массовой пропаганды среди больших коллективов тогда придумать не удалось.
Читайте также: 9 неизвестных фактов о Соцгороде в Запорожье
В Украине за литературную деятельность отвечал отдельный орган – Государственное издательское объединение Украины. Впрочем, на тот момент в ходу была украинизация, поэтому гораздо чаще в документах начала 1930-х можно встретить ее украинское название – «Державне видавниче об`єднання України», или ДВОУ сокращенно.
Вот именно ДВОУ и заказало проект Дома книги, в котором предполагалось развернуть деятельность местного отделения организации. Существовало 3 проекта, два из них разрабатывали в Одессе, а еще один – в Харькове. В итоге был выбран один из одесских проектов, авторами которого были архитекторы Гольгефт и Гильман.
Согласно принятому плану, дом должен был иметь форму буквы «Г». У дома было два фасада, один из которых выходил на будущий проспект, второй на примыкающую к нему улицу. Рассчитано здание было на несколько этажей.
Внутри зданий предполагалось обустроить несколько книгохранилищ, а также библиотечный коллектор. Разумеется, должны были быть внутри и несколько библиотек. Каждая из них имела особое назначение. Так, некоторые предназначались для периодики, другие – для книг на иностранном языке. Отдельно стоит отметить группу специальных помещений. В них входил зал на 500 человек. В нем предполагалось проводить киносеансы, представления «Театра книги», выступлений авторов, а также проведения литературных судов (!!!). Еще несколько помещений поменьше предполагалось выделить для писателей, а также для пропаганды и изучения марксизма-ленинизма. Имелся и выставочный зал, рассчитанный на 10 тысяч книг.
Здание предполагалось оснастить даже средствами механизации. Должны были быть механизированы не только процессы выдачи книг в библиотеках, но и движение их в книгохранилище. Подобное тогда казалось чем-то на грани фантастики.
Читайте также: Запорожский Соцгород: как и за что его критиковали
И вот теперь мы подходим к главной загадке. Дом книги предполагалось построить на центральном проспекте. Встречались сведения, что рядом с ним должны были впоследствии разместиться стадион, дом общественных организаций и новый кинотеатр.
Два последних здания в Запорожье действительно появились. А вот с Домом книги все не так уж и гладко. Ни на одном из известных снимков данной части города этого здания не видно. Снимки разрушенного во время войны кинотеатра существуют, а вот снимков Дома книги почему-то нет.
На одном из планов Большого Запорожья можно увидеть Дом книги, который предполагалось построить примерно в том месте, где в реальной жизни построили школу-гигант. Сегодня это здание принадлежит Запорожской инженерной академии.
Итак, уважаемые читатели, предлагаем вместе с нами разгадать данную загадку. В советской периодике тех лет говорится, что «строительство Дома книги ведется ударным порядком». Если он все-таки был построен, то где же находился? Возможно, у кого-то из Вас есть фотографии этого здания (если оно все же было возведено), или же какие-то дополнительные сведения о нем? Данный вопрос стоит внимания, ведь это было первое здание подобного рода во всем Советском Союзе. Если его все-таки построили, то Запорожье может получить еще один уникальный факт для своей истории.
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