История запорожского автопрома полна различных курьезных случаев. Один из них связан с созданием двигателя для будущего запорожца. Проектирование шло по двум разным направлениям. Какое из них выбрать – вопрос был серьезным и открытым. Как оказалось, одним из факторов выбора стал курьезный случай.
Как известно, создатели «Запорожца» использовали в своей работе образцы иностранных автомобилей. Так, кузов частично напоминал Fiat. Моторов же спроектировали целых два, они отличались по конструкции. У каждого из них были свои преимущества и недостатки.
Оппозитный двигатель был четырехцилиндровым. Его конструкция отдаленно напоминала изделие западногерманской фирмы Volkswagen. Он не очень устраивал конструкторов по своим габаритам, а также не слишком удачно размещался в моторном отсеке. В конце концов, нижнее расположение распределительного вала было не слишком-то удобным для проведения большинства регламентных работ (например, регулировки зазоров в клапанах).
Но при всех своих недостатках, этот двигатель был готов для автомобиля раньше. И именно с ним был представлен для печати и обзора один из прототипов будущего «Запорожца». За рубежом новинку оценили без лишнего энтузиазма и восхищения, написав о ней вполне будничные материалы. Но один из них совершил в СССР вообще и в Запорожье в частности настоящий фурор.
Дадим слово главному конструктору «Запорожца» Борису Фиттерману. Он рассказывал, что после попадания информации о новом автомобиле за рубеж, вскоре в Запорожье пришла новость. Оказывается, авторитетный английский журнал Motor опубликовал в своем номере целую статью, посвященную будущему «Запорожцу». Название она имела специфическое: Volksfiatovich.
В статье речь якобы шла о том, что машина является полной компиляцией из «Фольксвагена» и «Фиат-600». Резонанс был слишком большим, и именно под влиянием данного материала конструктор двигателя Айзенберг взялся за работу. Схема двигателя была полностью переделана, он стал V-образным, и уже ничем не напоминал своего немецкого «родственника».
Почему статья получила такое влияние? Журнал Motor в течение почти всего прошлого века был одним из главных автомобильных изданий не только в Европе, но и в мире. Хвалебные (или наоборот, ругательные) отзывы в нем очень много значили для перспектив нового автомобиля. А ведь советские машины тоже планировали продавать в Европе. И с негативным имиджем, сформированным англичанами, следовало что-то предпринять. Поэтому переполох в начальственных кабинетах, вызванный этой новостью, понять можно.
Но, судя по всему, мало кто из начальников эту самую статью решился прочесть. Потому что английский журнал статьи с таким названием вообще никогда не печатал.
А ведь статья такая на самом деле была! В августе 1959 года выходит номер австралийского журнала modern Motor, в которой некий Дэвид Скотт как раз и опубликовал стать под названием «Фольксфиатович», очевидно попытавшись иронизировать над элементами конструкции зарубежных машин, использовавшихся в будущем «Запорожце».
Итак, о чем же речь в статье? На самом деле, в ней нет ничего аналитического или сверхсекретного. Нам сообщают, что автомобили будут выпускаться на заводе в Запорожье, который раньше делал сельскохозяйственную технику. Двигатели же будут делать в Мелитополе, на заводе который перепрофилировали под выпуск соответствующей продукции.
Касательно же конструкции машины говорится, что она является симбиозом деталей от Fiat и Volkswagen. Так, передняя подвеска идентична немецкой машине, тогда как задняя подвеска и кузов взяты с итальянского образца. Также в статье приводятся технические параметры двигателя, колесной базы и скоростные характеристики машины. Автор указывает, что это очевидно и есть тот самый выбранный Советами образец «народного автомобиля», подготовленный к массовому выпуску.
Как видим, особенных неточностей автор тут не указал. Все дело в том, что многого о советских машинах узнать было нельзя, информация о них поставлялась за рубеж строго и дозированно. Очевидно, Скотт просто переписал данные из какого-то рекламного проспекта или же сообщения ТАСС.
А теперь – самое смешное. Австралийский журнал к тому моменту выходил всего 5 лет. Соответственно, о каком-либо его авторитете в автомобильном мире говорить не приходилось. Какими путями к высокому начальству попал номер заокеанского журнала – история сродни детективу. Далее кто-то не разобрался между Англией и Австралией, и запустил цепную реакцию. Думается, редко когда небольшие статьи в малоизвестных журналах имеют такие далеко идущие последствия.
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