Запорожье под бомбами: январь 1944

10:00  |  30.12.2021
Бомбардировщики над Запорожьем

Большинству запорожцев известно, что наш город был освобожден от немцев в октябре 1943 года. Многие считают, что после этого война для нашего города совершенно закончилась. Но это не совсем так, поскольку на правом берегу еще долго держали свои позиции немецкие солдаты. Кроме того, бдительный взгляд немецкой авиации следил и за местной железнодорожной станцией.

Поставки

Сразу же после освобождения города была проведена ревизия всего имевшегося в нем хозяйства. Мосты через Днепр немцами были взорваны, но железнодорожная станция все равно имела важное, даже стратегическое значение. Советские войска планировали дальнейшее наступление, и поэтому перевозки по железной дороге были нужны, как воздух.

В Запорожье постоянно подвозили боеприпасы и пополнение для стоящих неподалеку воинских частей. Наш железнодорожный вокзал считался довольно крупным даже в те времена, кроме того планировалось в кратчайшие сроки ввести в строй запорожские промышленные предприятия. Сделать это без поставок всего необходимого: от стройматериалов до оборудования по железной дороге было бы просто невозможно.

Читайте также: Как бездомные захватили аэродром в Запорожье

Местная ПВО

Конечно, вокзал должны были охранять – как с воздуха, так и с земли, при помощи зенитных орудий. И номинально такая защита была обеспечена, но был «нюанс». В ту пору в воздухе шли активные воздушные бои, главной задачей советских истребителей было прикрытие переправ через Днепр, обеспечение действий штурмовой авиации южнее и севернее Запорожья. Даже если наши самолеты и появлялись над городом, то чаще всего они сопровождали штурмовики Ил-2 для ударов по немецким позициям на правом берегу Днепра.

Конечно же, в случае необходимости можно было запросить воздушную поддержку, но для этого противника следовало заблаговременно обнаружить. Сделать это можно было только силами наземных подразделений. А с последним в Запорожье дела обстояли совсем плохо. Прочитайте донесение, что приведено ниже:

Донесение городскому начальству

В нем говорится, что боец местного противовоздушного батальона хотела совершить суицид. Причина: невозможность несения службы из-за отсутствия обуви, и как следствие – травля со стороны сослуживцев. Такая несчастная в батальоне была не одна, указывается что 25 человек «совершенно разуты и раздеты». Проблемы с обмундированием были даже у офицеров.

А вот и еще один документ. В нем указывается, что материальная часть батальона совершенно отсутствует, в нем не хватает даже автомашин.

Записка подписана секретарем горкома компартии Комаровым

Как видите, партийный начальник выпрашивает для города грузовой автотранспорт из числа трофейных автомашин. Разумеется, говорить про оснащение каким-либо радиолокационным или другим сложным оборудованием не приходится.

Итого, что мы имеем: отвратительно одетый личный состав, который никак не обучен. К примеру, вышеупомянутая боец Шербетова была мобилизована в октябре 1943 года, сразу после освобождения города. И в довершение – практически полное отсутствие какой-либо техники. Это не могло закончиться ничем хорошим, но до поры до времени Запорожью везло.

Черные кресты над Запорожьем

23 января 1944 года над Запорожьем появились немецкие бомбардировщики He-111. В район цели нацистские летчики вышли ночью, поэтому перехвата советской авиацией они практически не опасались. С ночной авиацией в СССР все было «не очень», даже прикрытие важнейших центров вроде Москвы и Ленинграда было не идеальным. Что уж до Запорожья…

Самолет группы KG4 готовят к боевому вылету

Точно установить, какая часть наносила удар по нашему вокзалу довольно тяжело. Но скорее всего, это была первая группа KG4, так как она в рассматриваемый период была на фронте и базировалась на аэродром Сарабуз в Крыму. Летный состав был опытным, умел выполнять поставленные задачи даже в сложных метеоусловиях, поэтому немецкие пилоты вышли к цели безошибочно.

По счастливой случайности как раз в это время на станции не было большого числа эшелонов. Поэтому пострадала в основном инфраструктура самого железнодорожного вокзала, а разрушенных вагонов и убитых людей оказалось намного меньше, чем могло бы быть.

Докладная записка руководителя местной противовоздушной обороны о потерях

Никаких потерь немцы не понесли и спокойно ушли на свою территорию. Защитники запорожского неба смогли лишь определить тип самолета нападавших и не более того. Зато потом пришлось потрудиться, устраняя последствия сильного налета.

Вокзал на некоторое время был выведен из строя. Очевидно, немцы позже произвели фотоконтроль результатов, который их полностью удовлетворил. Больше таких разрушительных налетов на наш город они не производили, а вскоре началось новое наступление советских войск, и немецким летчикам пришлось спасать свои наземные войска. Им уж стало не до бомбежек тыловых городов и объектов.

Читайте также: «Новое Запорожье»: о чем писала пресса во время немецкой оккупации 

Выводы

Как оказалось, местные силы не слишком-то справились и с ликвидацией последствий бомбежки. Если вы внимательно прочитали описание этого батальона чуть выше, то вы отлично понимаете, почему все так вышло.

Докладная записка начальника штаба

Как видно из документа, не хватало не только автомашин, но даже перевязочных материалов. При таких условиях сделать что-либо было довольно сложно, учитывая ужасное состояние пожарной охраны в Запорожье на тот момент. Очевидно, что люди пытались сделать все что возможно, но результаты оказались не слишком впечатляющими.

Будь на станции в этот момент больше составов – результат налета был бы куда серьезнее. Очень повезло, что вышло все так, поскольку предотвратить налет объективно возможности не было. К сожалению, тогда погибло 38 человек, из них 19 военнослужащих.

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